Informatics 9. Билингвальный учебник | страница 42



Computer virus – an unauthorized program that inserts itself into a computer system and then propagates itself to other computers via networks or disks.

CPU – central processing unit: the key component of a computer system, which contains the circuitry necessary to interpret and execute program instructions.

Cybersecurity – is the security of computers and users information.

D

Data – individual facts, statistics, or items of information.

DDoS – a method of attacking a computer system by flooding it with so many messages that it is obliged to shut down.

Debugging – to detect and remove defects or errors from.

Decimal – any number used in the decimal system.

Delay – the interval between one event and another.

Digital – using data in the form of numerical digits.

DNS Server – networking system in place that allows us to resolve human-friendly names to unique addresses.

Download – to copy or transfer (data or a program) into the memory of one computer system from a larger one.

E

Electronic devices – a device that accomplishes its purpose electronically.

Encode – to convert (a message, information, etc.) into code.

F

Fiber-optic cable – a glass or plastic fiber that has the ability to guide light along its axis.

Field – any number of columns regularly used for recording the information.

Formula – a formula is a spreadsheet data type that will calculate a result and display it in the active cell.

Function – functions are built-in formulas that are used to enter either commonly used or very complex formulas.

I

Information – important or useful facts obtained as output from a computer by means of processing input data with a program.

Input – data to be entered into a computer for processing.

Internet – a vast computer network linking smaller computer networks worldwide.

IP address – a code that identifies a computer network or a particular computer or other device on a network, consisting of four numbers separated by periods.

Italic – style of printing types in which the letters usually slope to the right.

L

Laptop – a portable computer, usually battery powered, small enough to rest on the user’s lap and having a screen that closes over the keyboard like a lid.

Latency – the time required online or in a network for the one-way or round-trip transfer of data between two nodes.

Loop – a series of instructions in a program, performed repeatedly until some specified condition is satisfied.

M

Modem – an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to or from a computer via telephone or other communication lines.