Подлинная история России | страница 43
В Англии в 1983 г. вышла книга «Древние карты», авторы которой также не могут назвать каких-либо древних русских карт, более ранних, чем «Большой чертеж». Ниже мы приводим соответствующий фрагмент из этой английской книги в том виде, как он опубликован в Интернете:
Antique Maps by Carl Moreland and David Bannister
Phaidon Press Limited, London,
Originally published by Longman 1983
Third edition 1989. First paperback edition 1993
http://www.antiquemaps.со.uk/book/chapterl9.html
RUSSIA
It is scarcely necessary to look at a map of Russia — with which we must include Siberia — to visualize the daunting task facing Russian map makers. Indeed, considering the vastness of their territory and the lack of skilled cartographers, it is surprising that relatively good maps were available for engraving and printing in most of the well known sixteenth and seventeenth century atlases. Generally, maps of that time were based on material brought back from Moscow by visitors from the West. Notable among these were the following:
PAOLO GIOVIO (1483–1552)
Map of European Russia (1525) based on detail provided by a Muscovite ambassador to Rome, Demetrius Gerasimov (c. 1465 — c. 1525). It appeared in manuscript form and was subsequently used by Giacomo Gastaldi in his 1548 edition of Ptolemy's Geographia and also by later publishers.
SIGISMUND HERBERSTEIN (1486–1566)
Map of Muscovia (1549) compiled by Herberstein, who was ambassador from the Habsburg Emperor, Maximilian I to Moscow. The map, based on material by a Lithuanian, Ivan Lyatsky fl. c. 1526–1555) was used by Sebastian Munster and others. Lyatsky himself also produced a map of Russia dated 1555.
ANTHONY JENKINSON (fl. 1545–1577)
The first English ambassador to Russia, Jenkinson made a remarkable journey as far as Bokhara in Asiatic Russia and subsequently compiled a famous map of his travels. Unfortunately, no actual copy of the map has survived but it was used by Ortelius in 1570 and Gerard de Jode in 1578 as the basis for maps in their atlases.
ISAAC MASSA (1587–1635)
A Dutch traveller, Massa compiled a map of Russia (c. 1612) which was used in the Blaeu/Jansson atlases.
CORNELIS CRUYS (1657–1727)
A Dutch Admiral, in the service of Peter the Great, compiled and published an atlas of the River Don and the Sea of Asov (c. 1704).
The first map of any real importance known to have been produced in Russia was the manuscript 'Great Map' compiled in the time of Tsar Boris Godunov (1598–1605), followed by later versions covering the expansion of the Empire southwards and eastwards. In the second half of the seventeenth century a start was made on the mapping of Siberia (1667) by Peter Godunov (fl. 1667–69) and an atlas of Siberia was published (c. 1698–1701) by Semyon Ulanovitch Remezov (1642–1720). Evidently the printing of maps in Russia presented difficulties which Peter the Great (1689–1725) attempted to overcome by licensing a Dutch publisher in Amsterdam specifically to print Russian maps. This was about 1699 but soon afterwards a private printing house was established in Moscow by the cartographer, Vasily Kiprianov (fl. 1706–17) who published maps of Russia and the World.